BIO 130 Basic Chemistry for Biology Worksheet

BIO 130 Basic Chemistry for Biology Worksheet

BASIC CHEMISTRY FOR BIOLOGY WORKSHEET

Each of the following elements is found in living organisms. For each symbol shown, name the element, list the atomic number, the atomic mass, the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Symbol Element Atomic # Mass # Protons # Neutrons # Electrons

C Carbon

H Hydrogen

N Nitrogen

O Oxygen

P Phosphorous

S Sulfur

Na Sodium

Mg Magnesium

Cl Chlorine

K Potassium

Ca Calcium

Mn Manganese

Fe Iron

Atoms normally contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, thus they are electrically ( positive / negative / neutral ) .

An electron is a (negatively / positively) charged particle. So if an atom loses an electron, it will then have an overall (negative / positive ) charge.

If an atom were to gain an electron, it would have an overall (negative / positive ) charge.

If a hydrogen atom loses its electron, it ends up with a (negative / positive ) charge. (This hydrogen ion is often referred to as a proton, as the entire structure of the atom is now simply the proton that is left in its nucleus)

The atomic symbol for magnesium is ___ _________.

How many protons does a magnesium atom have? _____ How many neutrons? _____

How many electrons? ____________

In the space below, draw a magnesium atom. Label the protons, neutrons, and place the electrons in orbitals with the correct number of electrons in each. Remember, the first orbital can take 2 electrons, the second can take 8 and the third can take 8.

Atoms with 1,2 or 3 electrons in their valence shell (the outermost shell) will lose electrons in order to become stable, thus forming positively charged ions. What will happen to the magnesium atom?

In the space below, draw a chlorine atom with the protons, neutrons and electrons correctly placed in orbitals.

Atoms with 6 or 7 electrons in their valence shell will gain electrons in order to become stable, thus forming negatively charged ions. What will happen to the chlorine atom?

If magnesium and chlorine atoms were to come into proximity with each other, what would be the formula of the molecule that would be formed?

For each of the following molecules, list the elements that are present, the number of atoms of each and draw the structure of the molecule.

Molecule Elements Present & of Atoms Structure_______

H2O

NH3

CH4

CO2

CCl4

CHCl3

List the elements contained in each of the following molecules:

Biotin (one of the B-vitamins) C10H16O3N2S

Adenosine Triphosphate (the body’s primary energy carrying compound) C11H18O13N5P3

Chlorophyll (the primary pigment in photosynthesis) C55H68O5N4Mg

Write the formula for the following molecules:

A molecule of sucrose with 12 Carbon atoms, 22 Hydrogen atoms, and 11 Oxygen atoms

A molecule of vitamin B12 with 63 Carbon atoms, 90 Hydrogen atoms, 14 Oxygen atoms, 14 nitrogen atoms, 1 phosphorous atom, and 1 atom of Cobalt

What do each of the following formulas represent?

6 H2O __________________ 4O2 _______________ 3NH3____________

 

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